### Test Equipment

Drag was fit only for the standard-speed component test in 2026. Downrange
velocity was not collected for the high-speed-vane builds, so no drag
constant is reported for that subset. The equipment below covers the
standard-speed protocol.

- **Bow:** Hoyt AX-3 33, 28″ draw length, 70 lb draw weight.
- **Indoor facility:** Easton Salt Lake Archery Center (Easton Foundation),
  Salt Lake City, UT.
- **Shooter:** Easton Archery's custom shooting machine, used to ensure
  precise, repeatable shots and eliminate shooter variability.
- **Mass measurement:** Last Chance Archery Pro Grain Scale 2.0. Every arrow
  was weighed and per-build averages were used in downstream calculations.
- **Fletching jigs:** a left-helical Bitzenburger jig, a right-helical
  Bitzenburger jig, and an Arizona E-Z Fletch were used to fletch arrows
  across three deliberate helical conditions per vane.
- **Downrange velocity:** Garmin Xero C1 Pro Doppler chronographs at 0.5 yd,
  30 yd, and 60 yd.
- **Environmental measurement:** Kestrel 5700 Elite. Density altitude
  averaged 5670 ft across the test sessions.

### Overview

Projectile motion through air is strongly influenced by aerodynamic drag.
For typical archery or small arms projectiles, drag is modeled as
proportional to the square of the velocity:

[Figure: Equation]